サルコペニアの新しい栄養戦略

サルコペニアの新しい栄養戦略に関するレビュー論文を紹介します。

R. Calvani, A. Miccheli, F. Landi, M. Bossola, M. Cesari, C. Leeuwenburgh, C.C. Sieber, R. Bernabei, E. Marzetti. CURRENT NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND NOVEL DIETARY STRATEGIES TO MANAGE SARCOPENIA. J Frailty Aging 2013;2(1):38-53

蛋白質、アミノ酸、ビタミンD、クレアチン、抗酸化物質（これは無効）、栄養摂取のタイミングの後に、新しい栄養戦略ということでHMB、オルニチン、オメガ3脂肪酸、ウルソル酸、硝酸塩、カロリー制限、ジムノミメティクス（運動模倣）、腸内細菌操作が紹介されています。

筋肉量、筋肉合成がどうなるかをパチンコモデル（日本のピンボールと紹介されています）で示している図4が面白いですね。栄養摂取のタイミング、身体活動・運動、腸内細菌操作によって、食事がどう筋蛋白合成につながるかどうかを図にしています。

Abstract
Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging, is associated with increased risk for several adverse health outcomes, including frailty, disability, falls, loss of independent living, and mortality. At present, no pharmacological treatment exists that is able to definitely halt the progression of sarcopenia. Likewise, no pharmacological remedies are yet available to prevent the onset of age-related muscle wasting. The combination of nutritional interventions and physical exercise appears to be the most effective strategy presently available for the management of sarcopenia. The purposes of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrition as a countermeasure for sarcopenia, illustrate the mechanisms of action of relevant dietary agents on the aging muscle, and introduce novel nutritional strategies that may help preserve muscle mass and function into old age. Issues related to the identification of the optimal timing of nutritional interventions in the context of primary and secondary prevention are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of elaborating personalized dietary and physical exercise recommendations through the implementation of integrated, high-throughput analytic approaches is illustrated.