Collins PF, Elia M, Stratton RJ. Nutritional support and functional capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2013 Feb 22. doi: 10.1111/resp.12070. [Epub ahead of print]
12のランダム化比較試験(栄養指導1、経口栄養剤10、経管栄養1)の系統的レビューとメタ解析です。メタ解析では、呼吸機能(1秒率、肺活量、血液ガス)は栄養サポートで変化しませんでした。しかし、呼吸筋(吸気、呼気とも)と握力は栄養サポートで有意に改善し、2kg以上の体重増加も得られました。
いくつかのRCTでは栄養サポートでQOLも有意に改善していましたが、メタ解析はできませんでした。また、運動機能や運動・リハプログラム強化の改善も認めました。以上より、COPDへの栄養サポートは、栄養摂取量と体重増加に加え、臨床的に重要な機能の関連も認めるという結論です。
COPDの先行研究のメタ解析では、体重増加までしか言えていませんでしたので、呼吸筋力や握力にも改善を認めるというのは意義があります。QOLや運動機能の改善に関してメタ解析ができればなおよかったですが。今後、他の内部疾患でも栄養サポートの有用性の検証が期待されます。
Abstract
Currently there is confusion about the value of using nutritional support to treat malnutrition and improve functional outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to clarify the effectiveness of nutritional support in improving functional outcomes in COPD. A systematic review identified 12 RCTs (n = 448) in stable COPD patients investigating the effects of nutritional support [dietary advice (1 RCT), oral nutritional supplements (ONS; 10 RCTs), enteral tube feeding (1 RCT)] versus control on functional outcomes. Meta-analysis of the changes induced by intervention found that whilst respiratory function (FEV(1,) lung capacity, blood gases) was unresponsive to nutritional support, both inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength (PI max +3.86 SE 1.89 cm H(2) O, P = 0.041; PE max +11.85 SE 5.54 cm H(2) O, P = 0.032) and handgrip strength (+1.35 SE 0.69 kg, P = 0.05) were significantly improved, and associated with weight gains of ≥ 2 kg. Nutritional support produced significant improvements in quality of life in some trials, although meta-analysis was not possible. It also led to improved exercise performance and enhancement of exercise rehabilitation programmes. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that nutritional support in COPD results in significant improvements in a number of clinically relevant functional outcomes, complementing a previous review showing improvements in nutritional intake and weight.
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