サルコペニアを改善させる運動・栄養介入

サルコペニアを改善させる運動・栄養介入のレビュー論文を紹介します。

Forbes SC, Little JP, Candow DG. Exercise and nutritional interventions for improving aging muscle health. Endocrine. 2012 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]

レジスタンストレーニングは筋肉量・筋力を増加させますが、ミトコンドリアの容積増加や酸化ストレスの減少も認めます。高速のレジスタンストレーニングが効果的な可能性があります。

有酸素運動も、ミトコンドリアの生体エネルギー増強、インスリン感受性の改善、酸化ストレスの減少によって、サルコペニアに対して有効かもしれません。

クレアチン、牛乳由来の蛋白、必須脂肪酸には、運動療法の効果を高める可能性があります。運動療法時の効果的な栄養介入によって筋肉量・筋力のさらなる増加が得られるか、その原因が筋蛋白合成の増加か、ミトコンドリア機能の改善か、炎症反応の軽減かを検証することが今後必要です。

サルコペニアに対する運動・栄養介入というと、BCAA＋筋トレを考えがちですが、クレアチンや必須脂肪酸による栄養介入＋運動療法（筋トレ、有酸素運動）も選択肢の1つかもしれません。必須脂肪酸で効果が出るかどうかは、サルコペニアの原因によって多少異なる気がします。

Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass declines with age (i.e., sarcopenia) resulting in muscle weakness and functional limitations. Sarcopenia has been associated with physiological changes in muscle morphology, protein and hormonal kinetics, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to highlight how exercise and nutritional intervention strategies may benefit aging muscle. It is well known that resistance exercise training increases muscle strength and size and evidence also suggests that resistance training can increase mitochondrial content and decrease oxidative stress in older adults. Recent findings suggest that fast-velocity resistance exercise may be an effective intervention for older adults to enhance muscle power and functional capacity. Aerobic exercise training may also benefit aging skeletal muscle by enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics, improving insulin sensitivity, and/or decreasing oxidative stress. In addition to exercise, creatine monohydrate, milk-based proteins, and essential fatty acids all have biological effects which could enhance some of the physiological adaptations from exercise training in older adults. Additional research is needed to determine whether skeletal muscle adaptations to increased activity in older adults are further enhanced with effective nutritional interventions and whether this is due to enhanced muscle protein synthesis, improved mitochondrial function, and/or a reduced inflammatory response.