虚弱・フレイルの高齢者で頭部挙上筋力は嚥下障害と栄養障害と関連するという論文がGeriatrics & Gerontology InternationalのHPに掲載されました。
タイトルどおりですが、頭部挙上筋力が弱い方や自力で頭部挙上をできない方は、嚥下機能や栄養状態が悪いことが多いという研究です。限界は多いですが、リハ栄養やサルコペニアの嚥下障害のエビデンスに少しはなると思っています。
P:摂食嚥下障害もしくは摂食嚥下障害疑いの65歳以上の要支援・要介護高齢者は
E:頭部挙上筋力が強いと(仰臥位で自分の力で頭を持ち上げることができると)
C:頭部挙上筋力が弱い場合と比較して(仰臥位で自分の力で頭を持ち上げることができない場合と比較して)
O:摂食嚥下障害・栄養障害を認めないことが多い
D:横断研究
386人を対象に、頭部挙上筋力は徒手筋力テスト、摂食嚥下障害の程度は臨床的重症度分類(DSS)、栄養状態は簡易栄養状態評価(MNA-SF)で評価しました。頭部挙上筋力と摂食嚥下障害・栄養障害の関連を、調査しました。男性129人、女性257人。平均年齢83歳。
結果ですが、386人中189人(49%)が仰臥位で自分の力で頭を持ち上げることができました。摂食嚥下機能は、79人が正常、138人が誤嚥のない摂食嚥下障害、169人が誤嚥のある摂食嚥下障害でした。栄養状態は、40人が栄養状態良好、171人が低栄養のおそれあり、175人が低栄養でした。
スペアマン順位相関係数では、頭部挙上筋力と摂食嚥下機能(r=0.458)、栄養状態(r=0.331)、年齢(r=-0.256)に有意な相関を認めました。頭部挙上の可否で2群に分類すると、頭部挙上を自力でできない群のほうが、高齢、摂食嚥下障害、低栄養を有意に多く認めました。
摂食嚥下障害を誤嚥の有無、栄養状態を低栄養の有無で2群に分類してロジスティック回帰分析を行うと、頭部挙上の可否と誤嚥の有無、低栄養の有無の間にそれぞれ独立した関連を認めました。
以上より、高齢者の頭部挙上筋力は摂食嚥下障害、栄養障害と関連を認め、頭部挙上筋力は、摂食嚥下障害重症度のスクリーニングとして有用な可能性があります。
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between head lifting strength, dysphagia, and malnutrition in frail elderly.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 386 frail elderly
aged 65 years and older with dysphagia or suspected dysphagia. Head lifting strength was assessed by the Medical Research Council score. The severity of swallowing and nutritional status was evaluated using the Dysphagia Severity Scale and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, respectively. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between head lifting strength, dysphagia, and malnutrition.
Results: There were 129 males and 257 females. Mean age was 83 years. The median Barthel Index score was 30 (interquartile range: 5-65). A total of 189 (49%) elderly could independently lift their head. Based on the Dysphagia Severity Scale, 79 participants had no dysphagia, 138 had dysphagia without aspiration, and 169 had dysphagia with aspiration. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form revealed that 175 elderly were malnourished, 171 were at risk for malnutrition, and 40 had a normal nutritional status. The Medical Research Council score in males was higher compared to females. Head lifting strength was significantly correlated with age (r=-0.256), the Barthel Index (r=0.540), the Dysphagia Severity Scale (r=0.458), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (r=0.331). In logistic regression analysis, the Medical Research Council score was independently associated with both dysphagia with aspiration and malnutrition.
Conclusions: Head lifting strength is associated with dysphagia with
aspiration and malnutrition in frail elderly.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between head lifting strength, dysphagia, and malnutrition in frail elderly.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 386 frail elderly
aged 65 years and older with dysphagia or suspected dysphagia. Head lifting strength was assessed by the Medical Research Council score. The severity of swallowing and nutritional status was evaluated using the Dysphagia Severity Scale and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, respectively. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between head lifting strength, dysphagia, and malnutrition.
Results: There were 129 males and 257 females. Mean age was 83 years. The median Barthel Index score was 30 (interquartile range: 5-65). A total of 189 (49%) elderly could independently lift their head. Based on the Dysphagia Severity Scale, 79 participants had no dysphagia, 138 had dysphagia without aspiration, and 169 had dysphagia with aspiration. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form revealed that 175 elderly were malnourished, 171 were at risk for malnutrition, and 40 had a normal nutritional status. The Medical Research Council score in males was higher compared to females. Head lifting strength was significantly correlated with age (r=-0.256), the Barthel Index (r=0.540), the Dysphagia Severity Scale (r=0.458), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (r=0.331). In logistic regression analysis, the Medical Research Council score was independently associated with both dysphagia with aspiration and malnutrition.
Conclusions: Head lifting strength is associated with dysphagia with
aspiration and malnutrition in frail elderly.
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