低栄養・サルコペニア症候群

低栄養・サルコペニア症候群のレビュー論文を紹介します。

Vandewoude MF, Alish CJ, Sauer AC, Hegazi RA. Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome: is this the future of nutrition screening and assessment for older adults? J Aging Res. 2012;2012:651570. Epub 2012 Sep 13.

低栄養とサルコペニアは多くの患者で両方とも認めるため、この場合、低栄養・サルコペニア症候群（Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome）ということができます。医療人はこれらを適切にスクリーニング、アセスメントすることで、個別の治療を行いアウトカムを改善できます。

低栄養とサルコペニアには関連を認め、これらが複合することでアウトカムに影響を与えます。このレビュー論文では、栄養評価と筋肉量、身体機能を日常診療で同時に評価するための、低栄養・サルコペニア症候群に必要な情報を紹介しています。

ここでは加齢による狭義のサルコペニアと低栄養の合併の話をしています。広義のサルコペニアで考えると、サルコペニアの原因に飢餓、侵襲、悪液質といった低栄養の原因がすべて含まれるため、低栄養・サルコペニア症候群は広義のサルコペニアに近い概念といえます。

低栄養・サルコペニア症候群を適切に評価して個別の治療を行うというのは、まさにリハ栄養です。リハ栄養という言葉はもちろん使用されていませんが、栄養とリハと両方を評価して、最適な栄養プランとリハプランを考えることの重要性を伝えているともいえる論文です。

Abstract

Malnutrition is common across varying patient populations, particularly older adults, and sarcopenia prevalence increases with advancing age. Both malnutrition and sarcopenia are associated with substantial adverse outcomes affecting both the patient and the healthcare system, including increased morbidity, mortality, rehospitalization rates, and healthcare costs. Healthcare practitioners may assess patients for either malnutrition or sarcopenia; however, many patients clinically present with both conditions, resulting in the syndrome, Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome, which is the clinical presentation of both malnutrition and accelerated age-associated loss of lean body mass, strength, and/or functionality. Clinicians are urged to screen, assess, and treat these conditions currently so as to adequately address the full spectrum of patients' nutritional issues. By examining aspects of both conditions, clinicians can more fully assess their patients' clinical and nutritional status and can tailor targeted therapies to meet their needs and improve outcomes. This proposed syndrome embodies the inherent association of malnutrition and sarcopenia, highlighting their combined impact on clinical outcomes. The objective of this review paper is to characterize Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome to advance clinical practice, by providing clinicians with the necessary background information to integrate nutritional assessment along with loss of muscle mass and functionality in their everyday clinical practice.