高齢者への筋トレの効果：メタ分析論文

今日は、高齢者への筋トレの効果を見たメタ分析の論文を紹介します。

Peterson MD, Sen A, Gordon PM: Influence of Resistance Exercise on Lean Body Mass in Aging Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Jun 11. [Epub ahead of print]

加齢に伴うサルコペニア（原発性サルコペニア）に最も有効な治療法は、レジスタンストレーニングです。それが効果的なことは今回のメタ分析でも明らかですが、高ボリュームの筋トレがより有効なこと、若年者への効果のほうがより高いことが結論として報告されています。

筋トレはサルコペニアの高齢者でも効果的と言われていますが、より若いうちから継続して行ったほうがより望ましいとは言えると思います。

Abstract
PURPOSE:: Sarcopenia plays a principal role in the pathogenesis of frailty and functional impairment that occurs with aging. There are few published accounts which examine the overall benefit of resistance exercise (RE) for lean body mass (LBM), while considering a continuum of dosage schemes and/or age ranges. Therefore the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of RE on LBM in older men and women, while taking these factors into consideration. METHODS:: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Randomized controlled trials and randomized or non-randomized studies among adults >/= 50 years, were included. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran Q and I statistics, and publication bias was evaluated through physical inspection of funnel plots as well as formal rank-correlation statistics. Mixed-effects meta-regression was incorporated to assess the relationship between RE dosage and changes in LBM. RESULTS:: Data from forty-nine studies, representing a total of 1328 participants were pooled using random-effect models. Results demonstrated a positive effect for lean body mass and there was no evidence of publication bias. The Cochran Q statistic for heterogeneity was 497.8, which was significant (p < 0.01). Likewise, I was equal to 84%, representing rejection of the null hypothesis of homogeneity. The weighted pooled estimate of mean lean body mass change was 1.1 kg (95% CI, 0.9 kg to 1.2 kg). Meta-regression revealed that higher volume interventions were associated (beta = 0.05, p < 0.01) with significantly greater increases in lean body mass, whereas older individuals experienced less increase (beta = -0.03, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION:: RE is effective for eliciting gains in lean body mass among aging adults, particularly with higher volume programs. Findings suggest that RE participation earlier in life may provide superior effectiveness.